Which type of data can be used as approved data without any further approval?

The correct choice is associated with data developed for and incorporated in a supplemental type certificate (STC). This is because an STC represents approved design data from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) that has undergone rigorous evaluation before being accepted. It allows for changes or modifications to an aircraft's original type design. When data is included in an STC, it possesses a level of validation and regulatory compliance that is recognized across the aviation industry, ensuring that it can be used as approved data without requiring any further approval or review process.

In contrast, the other choices involve data sets that may not meet the same stringent criteria as an STC. While owner-developed data approved by an inspection authorization holder may be useful, it does not carry the universal acceptance of an STC. Similarly, data from a commercial operator under a continuous maintenance program does not automatically confer the same approved status without specific regulatory endorsements. Lastly, data from non-certified sources lacks the necessary validation and approval from regulatory bodies like the FAA, rendering it inappropriate for use as approved data in aviation contexts.