What is the significance of the aft CG limit in aircraft operation?

The significance of the aft center of gravity (CG) limit in aircraft operation is critical for maintaining safe aircraft stability and control. When an aircraft's center of gravity moves too far aft, it can lead to a reduction in the effectiveness of control surfaces, which can adversely affect handling characteristics. In particular, an aircraft with an aft CG may become overly sensitive to pitch inputs and may require more altitude to recover from a stall. This can make the aircraft harder to control and increase the risk of an accident.

The aft CG limit is established during aircraft design and testing, determining the operational envelope within which the aircraft can safely be flown. Staying within these limits ensures that the aircraft maintains optimal stability and control throughout its flight envelope, contributing to overall safety during various phases of flight including takeoff, cruising, and landing.