Under the privileges of an inspection authorization, when can a holder approve a major alteration?

The correct choice emphasizes that an inspection authorization holder can approve a major alteration when it is conducted in accordance with technical data that has been approved by the Administrator. This requirement is grounded in the regulatory framework that governs aviation maintenance and safety practices.

Technical data approved by the Administrator serves as a critical guide to ensure that the alteration adheres to established safety standards, operational performance requirements, and regulatory compliance. Such data typically includes engineering drawings, maintenance manuals, and instructions for continued airworthiness. By following these approved standards, the alteration is not only valid, but it also mitigates risks that could potentially jeopardize the airworthiness of the aircraft.

In contrast, other options either misrepresent the scope and conditions under which major alterations can be approved or lack the requisite adherence to regulatory standards. For instance, approving only minor repairs mischaracterizes the broader capabilities afforded to an individual with an inspection authorization, while allowing alterations performed without technical data undermines the safety protocols necessary for maintaining the integrity of the aircraft. Lastly, stating that approvals can be granted for any maintenance type disregards the structured guidelines critical to ensuring both compliance and safety in aviation operations.