How is the center of gravity (CG) of an aircraft determined?

The center of gravity (CG) of an aircraft is determined by dividing the total moment by the total weight. This method involves calculating the moments created by each weight in relation to a chosen reference point, typically the datum. The total moment is the sum of the individual moments, which are derived by multiplying the weight of each component by its distance (arm) from the datum. Once the total moment is calculated, dividing it by the total weight gives the location of the center of gravity in relation to the datum.

Understanding CG is crucial because it affects the balance, stability, and performance of the aircraft. If the CG is too far forward or aft, it can lead to poor handling characteristics and difficulty in controlling the aircraft. Therefore, knowing how to calculate it accurately is essential for safe aircraft operation and maintenance.